| Nature 1) |
- Animal studies should include characteristics such as sex, which can affect the results of the study.
- SAGER guidelines are recommended for studies that include sex/gender, and the terms sex (biological) and gender (socially and culturally constructed) should be used carefully and not confused.
- The title and/or abstract of the paper should clearly state the sex/gender was applied in the study.
- The authors should explain in the background whether sex/gender differences are expected; report how sex/gender was considered in the research design; provide sex/gender-specific data, if applicable; and discuss the results for each.
- If sex/gender analysis is not performed, the rationale should be provided in the discussion.
- May 18, 2022. Editorial Policy: Nature journals raise the bar on sex and gender reporting in research.
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| Lancet 2) |
- Recommend increasing the representation of female participants at the all stages of clinical trials.
- Advocate for sex/gender analysis in research data when scientifically relevant.
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| Cell Press Cell 3) and more Applied to 44 journals |
- Implementation of the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Initiative Policy: When necessary, it is recommended to report the impact or association of sex(and/or gender) on research outcomes. Provide differentiated implementation methods by categorizing them into animal, human, primary cell culture, microbial strains, and plant experiments, or when using organisms as experimental materials.
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| The Journal of the National Cancer Institute: JNCI 4) |
- To investigate whether sex/gender influences cancer incidence rates in major ethnic groups, it is necessary to conduct clinical trials and epidemiological studies. If no influence is observed, it should be explicitly stated that the results are unaffected by sex/gender.
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| American journal of physiology: AJP 5) |
- Clearly specify the origin of the cells used in the research, including the species, sex, cell line, and age of the cell donor.
- In studies involving human participants, it is essential to provide information on the participants' sex and gender.
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| The Journal of the American College of Cardiology: JACC 6) |
- When describing the results of epidemiological analysis and clinical trials, submit sex/gender-specific data and race/ethnicity-specific data.
- If there are no sex, gender, race, or ethnicity differences, explicitly state the absence of such differences.
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| Plos ONE 7) |
- Provide detailed information about the species, strain, sex, developmental stage (average age/median animal age + age range), and body weight (average weight/median animal weight + weight range) of the animals used in the experiments.
- Describe specific details about the facilities where the experimental animals were housed (e.g., cage type) and the number of animals sharing the same housing facility.
- If the research involved categorizing humans based on race/ethnicity, age, disease/disability, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or other social categories, clearly describe how the human population was categorized.
- Define categories as specifically as possible in the experimental protocol (observational records) if they can be included.
- Explain why the participants were defined as described and why they were categorized into specific categories (e.g., if there are specific regulations enforced by the funding agency regarding human categorization).
- Demand an explanation of how confounding variables such as socioeconomic status, nutritional level, and environmental exposure were controlled, if they were controlled, and how they were controlled.
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| Circulation 8) |
- When explaining the results of epidemiological analysis and clinical trials, if deemed appropriate: submit sex-specific data and race/ethnicity-specific data.
- If no sex or race/ethnicity differences are observed: explicitly state the absence of sex or race/ethnicity differences.
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| Clinical Orthopaedic and Related Research : CORR 9) |
- Design thoroughly validated studies that can provide answers to research questions specifically related to male and female.
- If deemed necessary, submit sex/gender-specific data used in all clinical experiments, basic scientific research, and epidemiological studies.
- Analyze the impact (and relationship) of sex/gender factors on research outcomes.
- If post-hoc analysis is conducted regarding sex/gender, explicitly state that the results of sex/gender analysis should be interpreted cautiously due to the possibility of low statistical power, leading to incorrect conclusions of no sex/gender differences.
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| Journal of the International AIDS Society10) |
- If the research specifically applies to a particular sex or gender, provide a clear explanation for the reason.
- Submit data categorized by sex/gender (and if possible, by race/ethnicity), and it is recommended to include a comprehensive analysis of sex/gender and race/ethnicity differences. Include the number and percentage of male, female, and transgender participants.
- Consider not only physiological and anatomical differences between males and females (such as height, weight, muscle-to-fat ratio, cell count, hormonal cycles) but also sociocultural variables (such as socioeconomic status, education level, access to healthcare) when presenting data or analyzing research findings.
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| Journal of Endocrinology11) |
- The sex and strain of experimental animals must be explicitly stated. If both male and female animals are used, the number of females and males should be specified separately, and whether the sex of animals was considered as a factor in statistical analysis should also be indicated.
- The sex of primary cell cultures or tissues must be reported. It is recommended to include the sex of cell lines in the manuscript. If cell or tissue samples from both females and males were used without considering the sex factor, it should be stated in the supporting documentation.
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| Canadian Medical Association Journal : CMAJ12) |
- Taking into account that the impact of variables such as age and sex on the research objective is not always evident, the authors of the paper describe the relationship between these variables and the research purpose when they are included in the study.
- If scientifically appropriate, the collected data are analyzed based on variables such as age and sex/ gender.
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| American Journal of Preventative Medicine : AJPM13) |
- ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) guidelines include:
1) detailed description of the number and characteristics of the animals used (species, strain, sex,
genetic background, etc.) 2) comprehensive information regarding the housing, care, and
management of the animals in the facility 3) various experimental methods, statistical approaches, and
analysis methods employed, including techniques used to reduce research bias such as randomization or
blinding.
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| European Journal of Neuroscience : EJN14) |
- When using experimental animals, provide detailed descriptions of the species, strain, sex, age, supplier of the animals, total number of animals used, and the number of animals used in each experimental condition.
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| Experimental Physiology15) |
- Human subjects: include information in the manuscript about the subject's age, sex, gender, health status, and, if relevant, physical fitness of the participants in the manuscript
- Animal subjects: Provide detailed information about the species, strain, sex, developmental history (mean age/median animal age + age range), and weight (mean weight/median animal weight + weight range) of animal subjects (Animal Research - Invivo Experiment Reporting: ARRIVE Guidelines).
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| The Journal of Physiology16) |